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Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(1): 54-61, 10 de marzo de 2021.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177562

ABSTRACT

Desarrollar actividades en una institución de salud, expone a los enfermeros a múltiples agentes biológicos de potencial amenaza infecciosa como Hepatitis A, B, C, VIH/Sida, Tuberculosis, Varicela, Tuberculosis, Rubeola, Citomegalovirus, COVID-19, entre otras enfermedades trasmisibles, promoviendo un riesgo psicosocial al temor de contagiarse. Determinar los riesgos psicosociales ante la amenaza infecciosa en personal de enfermería de un hospital de Ecuador. Fue un estudio epidemiológico-descriptivo de cohorte transversal entre septiembre a diciembre de 2020, con una muestra de 74 enfermeros. Recolección de datos se aplicó una encuesta de 44 preguntas cerradas dicotómicas. Los datos se almacenaron en Microsoft Excel y se analizaron con Epidat. Como resultado 68,92% eran sexo femenino, con edades entre 31-35 (33,78%), 58,11% casados, 41,89% solteros y 60,81% tenían hijos. Los riesgos psicológicos característicos fueron 24,32% de ansiedad, 21,62% estrés, 18,92% depresión, 12,16% trastornos de sueño, 8,11% trastornos de conducta alimentaria y consumo de psicofármacos, 4,05% pensamientos suicidas y 2,70% consumen alcohol, el más resaltante de los riesgos sociales fue el distanciamiento familiar con 37,84%. Se concluye que el riesgo biológico es, sin duda, el más frecuente entre los riesgos laborales del personal de salud, aflorando distintos niveles de ansiedad, lo cual pone en juego incluso hasta la calidad de atención que se pueda otorgar a los pacientes.


Developing activities in a health institution, exposes nurses to multiple biological agents of potential infectious threat such as Hepatitis A, B, C, HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis, Varicella, Tuberculosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, COVID-19, among other communicable diseases , promoting a psychosocial risk to fear of being infected. To determine the psychosocial risks in the face of the infectious threat in nursing personnel of a hospital in Ecuador. It was an epidemiological-descriptive study of a cross-sectional cohort between September and December 2020, with a sample of 74 nurses. Data collection, a survey of 44 closed dichotomous questions was applied. The data were stored in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with Epidat. As a result, 68.92% were female, with ages between 31-35 (33.78%), 58.11% were married, 41.89% were single, and 60.81% had children. The characteristic psychological risks were 24.32% anxiety, 21.62% stress, 18.92% depression, 12.16% sleep disorders, 8.11% eating disorders and consumption of psychotropic drugs, 4.05% thoughts suicides and 2.70% consume alcohol, the most prominent of the social risks was family distancing with 37.84%. It is concluded that biological risk is, without a doubt, the most frequent among the occupational risks of health personnel, raising different levels of anxiety, which puts at stake even the quality of care that can be given to patients.

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